Dennis witnessed one of the earliest unveilings of Penns Landscape Development Plan of 1977. March 29, 2021 / in Liberation Radio / by Liberation Center Staff. In West Philadelphia, the University of Pennsylvania worked with the citys Redevelopment Authority, starting in the 1950s, on a massive program of urban renewal that cleared the way for its expansion. Unable to meet the costs of renovation, long-term residentsmany African Americanwere forced to sell their historic properties. They also converted spacious industrial spaces into arts and music venues. The gentrification of drug blocks specifically, as opposed to all gentrifying blocks in Philadelphia, accounted for roughly 2,400 additional shootings during the 10 years of his study. I was deeply saddened. Sign up for our newsletter to get updates that make you think and actdirectly to your inbox. In this image from 1977, three children are looking through trash at one of Southwark Plaza's dilapidated playgrounds. Gentrification, however, is not a good option for the communities that currently reside in West Philly. In the Old City section of Center City Philadelphia, H.O. Penn professors benefit from Penns Home Ownership Services, which helps Penn faculty and staff apply for closing cost assistance for home purchasing and funds towards home improvement. This incentivizes university affiliates to buy property in the area, and to send their kids to school in the district. The rapid influx of wealthier homebuyers triggered alarming demographic changes. By 1990, that figure had fallen to 20 percent. The social boundaries that were most clear to us were evident in the areas past 48th, as prior to this crossroad the district was conspicuously opulent. Its stated aim was to make Penn reasonable, alive, and healthy once again. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. That demonstrated to other residents that fighting back could be effective. In the 1970s, these investors sought to differentiate the area from the rest of South Philadelphia by renaming it Queen Village.. By spurring renovation and elevating housing values, gentrification broadened the citys tax base. One by one, local associations, congregations, and ultimately whole communities fell prey to the vicissitudes of the real estate market. Listeners are encouraged to wrestle with questions like, "What is the impact of racist practices like redlining and gentrification on the inhabitants of the area? Artist Isaiah Zagar covered dozens of drab brick walls in the neighborhood with his kaleidoscopic mirror-flecked murals. Simon, Roger D. and Brian Alnutt, Philadelphia, 1982-2007: Toward the Postindustrial City. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131 (Oct. 2007), 395-444. Yet by the turn of the twenty-first century, things were changing rapidly in DuBois Seventh Ward. And what does it say that we exist in a gentrified spaceone that our school created? Urban renewal since 1949 Neighborhood improvement in Philadelphia has been the result of two factors: formal government projects and informal redevelopment in the form of gentrification. Gentrifying tracts experienced the second highest average violent crime rate between 2014 and 2019 at 13.4 per 100 residents, while non-gentrifiable tractsmostly middle- to upper-income and predominantly whitehad the lowest average violent crime rate over the six-year period at 6.7 per 100 residents. Since 2000, developers have responded to a growing demand for offcampus housing, building apartment buildings like Domus and The Radian. These land seizures, coupled with the 1963 construction of the University City Science Center, fractured the community. Sandy Smith The building of bridges across the Schuylkill River further promoted development, including that of hospitals and other benevolent institutions. In the nineteenth century, West Philadelphia transformed from a countryside of family farms and "gentlemen's" estates to a set of residential communities. Green Gentrification in South Philly. He mentions the Pennovation Center, housed in an old DuPontowned paint factory. Further from the booming downtown, neighborhoods continued to suffer from abandonment and decay. Days after the protest at Penn, a large group of residents, organizers, and protesters caught the Building Industry Association of Philadelphia (BIA) by surprise. After spending six years studying the gentrification of Philadelphia neighborhoods, a West Philadelphian has discovered a rare trend: Neighborhoods are not necessarily gentrifying in the way people think they arethey're resegregating. Armed with generous mortgages, these gentrifiers were careful to heed OPDCs stringent guidelines for historical verisimilitude. And resentment towards Penn simmers in the West Philly community. In the 1960s, sociologist Ruth Glass provided an evergreen definition of gentrification: when working class quarters have been invaded by the middle classuntil all or most of the working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character of the district is changed., Gentrifications link to displacement is undeniable. Even during that mid-century nadir, however, there were stirrings of renewal. In 2020, Philadelphia Housing Action was part of the core of another dynamic housing struggle in the city. Factors that had once driven people away from citiestheir density, their older housing stock, the presence of ethnic and racial minoritiesnow drew them back to the urban core. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magill's first . Yet such changes also came with a cost: the social disruption and displacement of existing residents. The candy making there gave way to residential development. For every new town house built in Graduate Hospital or Queen Village, scores of crumbling row houses were demolished in Nicetown and Kensington. What good are HBCUs if they mirror the anti-Blackness of the US? As middle-class residents returned, formerly moribund commercial corridors came alive with restaurants and shops catering to the well-heeled. Constructed at Third and New Streets in 1902, in the 1920s Wilbur & Sons had to remove a section of the building to make room for construction of the Delaware River Bridge (later renamed the Benjamin Franklin Bridge). Nearly one-third Latino in 1960, the neighborhood was only 14 percent Latino by 1990. The disruptions of convocation and the BIA meeting and Bishop Barbers gathering all led to a response from a university representative deflecting and downplaying Penns involvement in the sale. Yet even in the midst of this apparent nadir, there were glimmers of hope. Penns status as the largest employer in Philadelphia, its large endowment and the socioeconomic position of its students and staff complicates its existence in West Philadelphia. Alexander notes that even if some residents end up leaving, she and other resident council members want to ensure the Townhomes remain for future generations of low-income families. For example, when the university partnered with the school district to fund Penn Alexander Elementary in 2001, 57% of the students in its catchment area were African American; as of 2021, Black students represented less than 17% of the student body. Southwark, located just south of Society Hill, was transformed into a middle-class district by the efforts of individual homesteaders and, later, real estate developers. Gentrification is nothing new, Fed economist Jeffrey Lin suggests in his paper, " Understanding Gentrification's Causes. Dr. Palmers family was evicted from their home in 1969. San Francisco, it seems, is in a later stage of its gentrification timeline than Philadelphia. Gilmores definition of racism, the state-sanctioned or extralegal production and exploitation of group-differentiated vulnerability to premature death, is also instructive in terms of what residents and organizers are fighting against. As in Society Hill and Queen Village, the gentrification of Graduate Hospital triggered striking demographic changes. Thats what happened in other situations, Johnson recently said in an interview on Kelly Hayes Movement Memos podcast. The resident-led struggle to defend these homes has galvanized people in Philadelphia around the defense of housing for Black, Brown, working-class, poor, elderly, and disabled residents. Indeed, the effect of these localized neighborhood transformations could not stem the continued exodus from the city. The comments are hilarious as they're self aware . Restaurants, shops, barstheyve all widened the Penn bubble. While the pace of Philadelphia-area redevelopment lagged behind other rapidly revitalizing citiesnotably, San Francisco, New York, and Washington, D.C.the specter of displacement troubled government officials and longtime residents alike. The land finally came under redevelopment after the Toll Brothers purchased the land in 2013 to construct condominiums. From 1982 to 1984, Philadelphia led the nation in the number of claims for such tax credits. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Tracing Philadelphia and its environs since colonial times, Jeffrey Lin finds the same factors propelling neighborhood transformation today. Real estate prices skyrocketed, too; an abandoned row house that might have sold for $300 in the 1960s now commanded up to $30,000. Anderson, Elijah. UCity is just a marketing scheme.. Soon after, Penn moved westward. It succeeded in upgrading real estate values but also faced criticism from long-established residents. In a few short years, Southwark saw a dramatic decline in its working-class population along with the conversion of its mixed-use streetscapes into expensive residential-only corridors. Waging a struggle against the rights of property owners seems like an uphill fight in a capitalist society, but it is not the first time that some of the organizers have been involved in such a pitched battle. The gentrification of University City, or "Penntrification," forces Philadelphia's already vulnerable Black population out of their homes and brings white families and students into their former neighborhoods. In effect, Penn undermined its own efforts to serve its proximate community, by replacing residents with more of their own. Philadelphia, in Pews 2017 State of the City study, lacks affordable or subsidized housing options. This photograph from 2009 shows Main Street filled with shoppers during the Manayunk Arts Festival, an annual event that brings together hundreds of artists and tens of thousands of visitors. By 1960, the surrounding suburbs were more populous than Philadelphia itself. Restrictions created by the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation prevented new homeowners in Society Hill from drastically altering their historic homes, but regulations for new construction were more lenient. 2. Gentrification is generally good. Low sales forced dozens of businesses to leave the building over the years and the NewMarket formally closed in 1987. From 1970 to 1990, Philadelphia lost over 18 percent of its remaining residents, its population falling to nearly a half a million people below its postwar peak. Many of the large buildings that once held noisy equipment, hundreds of workers, and stored products were refurbished as industrial neighborhoods developed a new identity. Hunter, Marcus Anthony. Gentrification Takes Off: 1990s and 2000s. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy, TheEncyclopedia Soon, real estate prices began to creep upwards. Penn encourages students and faculty to explore off campus. Ed Datz, Executive Director of Real Estate at Penn Facilities and Real Estate Services (FRES), noted that his office is always looking at whats happening in the surrounding neighborhoods and at residential opportunities.. The apartments had modern amenities and views unavailable to people who purchased a historic row house in Society Hill. In buying up properties in the Black Bottom en masse and then having landlords evict longtime residents, they made space for the nowprimarily commercial development on Market Street. You can see large areas gentrifying in Center City and University City. The apartments were inexpensive for residents but they only provided basic housing and residents complained that the Housing Authority was not responsive to maintenance issues. (The late stage, at least for San Francisco, with its affordable housing crisis, isn't so desirable . In the 1990s, young urban professionals flocked to the area. She is the Highbrow Editor for 34th Street. The thing that we wont have is you evicting dozens of, hundreds of elderly Black people and putting them on the street and possibly leading to their early deaths. Disinvestment only intensified after the financial crisis of 2008, as banks tightened up loan requirements and refused to extend credit to the most blighted areas. After decades of slow economic decline from the loss of industrial mills and manufacturing plants, Philadelphia officials offered tax incentives to small businesses and property owners in Manayunk during the 1980s to spur redevelopment and bring more middle-class residents into the area. Housing activists and UC Townhomes residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes by Jared Ware October 7th, 2022 Galleries and restaurants followed the arriving middle class. Annabelle Williams is a sophomore in Wharton from Chester Springs, PA, studying Management and Marketing. She spent most of her young life in a house on 43rd Street and Larchwood Avenue and attended the Penn Alexander School. Tang additionally suggested that state interventions needed to deal with displacement, because gentrification has been driven by the deregulation of the housing market. The Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia, under President Paul Steinke, often crosses paths with Penn and Drexel. Thats typical for a gentrifying city. This suggests that some 8% of Philadelphia's gun violence can be attributed to gentrification destabilizing the city's illicit drug markets. As more creative class consumers moved to the neighborhood, they were followed by cafes and bars that catered to their bohemian tastes. As the 2000s wore on, the revitalization of residential neighborhoods became the cornerstone of Philadelphias revivaleven as the city struggled to temper gentrifications most harmful consequences. A 2016 study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia found that the city has lost roughly 20,000 lowcost rental units (rent and utilities under $750) since 2000. Ella Comberg, a longtime West Philadelphia resident, describes the university as a kind of silent but huge presence in [her] life.. The student solidarity work has drawn disciplinary proceedings by the administration. Not long ago, dilapidated warehouses, abandoned . Jared Ware is a freelance journalist primarily covering social movements and prisoner organizing. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram They, along with others, led a direct action movement with a large group of the citys homeless population that included squatting in vacant homes and multiple large encampments. During the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, newly built suburbs outside of Center City intensified these divisions. About 75 people took part in the event, held four days before a critical vote at a Zoning Board of Adjustments hearing. The neighborhood shifted from the scholarly-oriented confines of the University City, unfolding into the vast scape of West Philadelphia. The five decades following the move to West Philadelphia were marked by continuous disenfranchisement and health epidemics including the AIDS crisis and "War on Drugs." Urban renewal and gentrification were strategies that promised to uplift communities but actually further displaced . " Focusing on Philadelphia, Lin reviewed over a century of census data on U.S. metropolitan areas, tracking decade-by-decade shifts in a neighborhood's average household income relative to the other neighborhoods in the city. But in reality theyre just untrained, typically nonchalant kids.. The Black Bottom is a historically Black community . The poverty rate in Philadelphia as of 2019 was 23.3%, 13 percentage points above the U.S. national rate of 10.5%. While the emotional toll brought upon those displaced is immeasurable, researchers have calculated that alongside a general decrease . From blocked off construction sites to high-rises and medical centers towering over generations-old brownstones, gentrification can be seen everywhere. (Photo by Mark Makela/Getty Images), Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, Chinatown residents wont let a global pandemic stop them from fighting gentrification, Philadelphias Chinatown unites to fight back against Sixers covert arena development, Reimagining the university through an abolitionist lens, Immigration advocates urge Biden to reverse proposed near-total asylum ban, DeSantis spends February targeting immigrants, leading up to likely presidential run, Florida college students and educators plan to continue resisting DeSantis censorship. Gentrification is the opposite of white flight when residents voluntarily move away as a neighborhood declines. West Philadelphia has been called many names over the years. The gentrification has caused the displacement of some low-income residents and people of color. But for many students residing in the Penn Bubble, community issues take a backseat. West Philadelphia's population shifted from majority-white to majority-black between 1950 and 1960. Penn also offers incentives for its faculty to reside in nearby West Philadelphia. The Netter Center offers ABCS (Academically Based Community Service) courses in which students can interact with the surrounding community. Its now down to 42,000. More than 240,000 households citywide (40% of all households) are forced to spend 30% or more of their income on housing. Ethnic businesseskosher wine merchants, haberdasheries, and furrierswere reincarnated as vegetarian restaurants, feminist bookstores, and hip clothing boutiques. WHYY story by Katie Colaneri. West Philadelphia's total population was 301,830, with blacks numbering 158,176; whites, 142,368. In 2013, there were still 4,000 buildings and over 10,000 lots sitting empty in Lower Northeast Philadelphia. Both Alexander and Johnson attest that constant meetings and forcing the owner to extend the HUD contract multiple times has been stressful on the residents. Solutions are proposed including providing. While LOOP promised some relief for homeowners, maintaining the diversity of revitalizing neighborhoods remained a challenge. Galvanized around a struggle to defend the University City Townhomes, a 70-unit housing complex that has operated under a Section 8 project-based subsidy program for the last 40 years. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. [citation needed] Nicetown-Tioga saw a brief spurt of urban gentrification in the early to mid-2000s. Philadelphia did not become the international stage as Bacon had hoped. Nobody had gotten vouchers; nobody was really able to get in contact with the relocation specialist. West Philly neighborhood, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), 19139, 19143 detailed profile Residents say Magill has ducked meeting requests for months. The city had the power to seize land under eminent domainwhich allowed them to dice the community with the aim of making West Philly a satisfactory residential community and helping it to fulfill its potential as a center of private research.. National food writers raved about South Streets burgeoning selection of gourmet restaurants, where diners could enjoy soft-shell crab tempura or salmon with sorrel beurre blanc. Other gentrifying cities experimented with inclusionary zoning, which ensured new projects would include a percentage of affordable units. West Philly gentrification means upheaval for these longtime residents. The gentrification of drug blocks specifically, as opposed to all gentrifying blocks in Philadelphia, accounted for roughly 2,400 additional shootings during the 10 years of his study. In the West Philadelphia area around Mantua, gentrification is a constant, looming concern. Long-time residents resented the intrusion on their tight-knit ethnic communities. There is also gentrification in other parts of West Philadelphia. To direct the neighborhoods ground-level renewal, Greater Philadelphia in turn spawned another interest group, the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation (OPDC), to coordinate the actions of bankers, finance capital, and homeowners. ofGreaterPhiladelphia. This "process" is very dangerous as it has a notorious reputation of displacing old residents and creating terrible living situations for those it has not displaced. Guidelines for historical verisimilitude of 10.5 % the area Queen Village, surrounding. Service ) courses in which students can interact with the surrounding community 1982 to 1984, Philadelphia housing Action part... Deregulation of the US on 43rd Street and Larchwood Avenue and attended the Penn Alexander school as residents. New town house built in Graduate Hospital triggered striking demographic changes times, Lin... Every new town house built in Graduate Hospital or Queen Village, scores crumbling. 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