I believe her not only because I dont have enough cause to disbelieve her, but because girls, particularly Black girls, experience terrible droughts of generosity. However, it becomes fairly obvious that Eve wants a voodoo doll, not to kill her father, but to make him suffer. Husband, father and womanizer Louis Batiste is the head of an affluent family, but it's the women who rule this gothic world of secrets, lies and mystic forces. This is why the task of predicating this beyond has been the stake of all ideologies, insofar as ideology marks our Symbolic worlds, including the ideological study of psychoanalysis. She plays Roz with a cool, manicured faade that gives way to a primal scream roiling underneath. By clicking Subscribe Now, you agree to our. By clicking Sign Up, you agree to our The final image of the film shows the two sisters, after sinking their fathers note into the water, with their backs turned to the camera, projecting an intimate sisterhood. It still makes an impact on people. Consequently, sound effects and drum rhythms increased in volume when Cicely told Eves what her father did to her. Kasi was right, it was more powerful than the obvious., Jurnee Smollett-Bell: Once I was casted, my whole family drove down in our big Suburban from Los Angeles to New Orleans and on the way there, it was my 10th birthday. When Cisely tries to convince Eve that her father was not cheating on the mother, the use of the asynchronous sound demonstrates the fear, confusion and frustration that Eve feels. Privacy Policy and (A flashback to that night: Louis and his wife Roz are fighting. Eves Bayou became the most successful independent film of 1997, playing well to both art-house cinephile crowds and more mainstream moviegoers. Eve's Bayou (1997) A melodramatic coming of age tale, rich with Southern Gothic atmosphere, 'Eve's Bayou' follows the wealthy Batiste family over a long, hot summer in the swamps of 1960s Louisiana. Jurnee Smollett and Lynn Whitfield in Eve's Bayou . Is Still RadicalAnd Wonderful. Eve's Bayou is also a community where vodoun plays a daily role in the lives of the people; Roz's sister Mozelle (played by Debbi Morgan) is a practitioner of the art, who has lost three . The appearance of the entity associated with Voodoo that occurs between the trees, is to give a feeling of the danger that belies the Batistes family. The film, written and directed by Kasi Lemmons in her directorial debut and executive produced by Samuel L. Jacksontells a story about the Batistes, an affluent Creole family in Louisiana. With their backs turned to the camera and vanishing into the milieu that they are bound to both resist and support following the death of the image/word of the Father, Eve and Cicely directly recall the image of the slave Eve as she dissipates into the bayou with her back turned to the camera at the beginning of the film. Roger Ebert was a champion of the film when it was released, comparing it to the work of Ingmar Bergman and Tennessee Williams. Louis' role in the film includes fathering three children: Eve, Cicely, and Poe; also Louis is the husband of Roz Batiste. While it is not unique for films to launch the careers of its younger talent but it also solidified the careers of the veterans, this film, Writer, Editor & Media Scholar with an affinity for red lipstick living in California. You will immediately be placed into the cue wait time is normally 2 weeks. Want an expert to write a paper for you Then, the voice of an adult Eve begins to describe the mythic origin story of the Batiste family, which includes the story of the slave Eve and the slaver John Paul Batiste who, after Eve saves him from illness, rewards her with her freedom and the bayou that comes to be known as Eves Bayou. Eve is described to have, perhaps in gratitude, bore him sixteen children, who end up generating the Batiste family depicted in the film. The African-American Lemmons is best known as an actress - she can be seen in genre films like Vampire's Kiss (1988), as Jodie Foster's roommate in The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Virginia Madsen's colleague in Candyman (1992) and various other roles. A few years later I was like, I have to be Cicely! To work with such an incredible cast, and Kasi is just brilliant. Ayler . When Roz has her fortune told by Elzora, Elzora says that, "Sometimes a soldier falls on his own sword," insinuating that she already knew about Louis' impending death.2. She is an image that cannot be looked at and set in place without dissolving into incomprehensibility, as opposed to the incomprehensible image of the primal scene that is projected into comprehensible sight through Eves gaze. Did Cirie go too far by bringing family matters into the game? Known for her TV roles on Full House and On Our Own, Smollett-Bell, now 31, credits her experience on set to falling in love with the art of acting. After the mother slaps Cisley on her face the close up on the mothers face shows both fear and anger toward daughter. 1997 was the year that both Eve's Bayou and Contact were released, and they were two of the better films I . He loves his daughter, she adores her father. Eve's Bayou. Nonstop pride., Kasi Lemmons: I had shot some stuff where the girls got older and that was the way the script was originally written, that it resolved when the girls were older teenagers and I had their sisters playing them and they were wonderful! And of course, Morgan is the standout. 808 certified writers online. The use of close-up shot of the father and Mr. Morrow at the bar was used to warn the audience of the danger to come. So rich, so magical, so tragic. Eve comes outs and says, You lied to me! and Tell me what happened. Cicely has to admit that she doesnt quite know what happened. Husband, father and womanizer Louis Batiste is the head of an affluent family, but it's the women who rule this gothic world of secrets, l Read allWhat did little Eve see--and how will it haunt her? In conclusion, the use of the asynchronous sound and the soundtrack that the director uses during the last scene, effectively conveyed the fear, the risk, and the vulnerability of the entire family. Writing in Totem and Taboo on the enjoyment of excessive sexual conduct that the primordial hoard of brothers perceive their father to have, Freud locates incest as the center of familial relations, and civilization itself, that radically divides the desiring subject. Morgans performance is rightly considered the strongest for how she carefully mines the melodrama of this tale and grants it more gravitas than any of her co-stars. Aug 18, 2009. Metacritic Reviews. She gave me my first leading role as a child and Vondie gave me my first leading role as an adult in Waist Deep. Freud called it incest, Lacan called it the Real orjouissance, and, in an even more specified manner that produces the violence of set embodied identities, the historical-political ideologies produced by various historical/mythological events have manifested the signifiers of the woman, the Black, the queer, and other figures as predicates of the beyond of incomprehensibility. Los Angeles County said all litigation over the crash has now been resolved. It doesn't matter what anyone does since their tales are already fixed. She witnessed many people consulting with her aunt who would subsequently foretell their futures. External Reviews A drunken Mr. Mereaux confronted Louis in a night club about having an affair with his wife, Matty. Edit, First, you have to understand that Eve, as a young child, has a different perspective of "death," than say, an adult would. Stop Saying There Are No Coming Of Age Films About Black Girls. The film began with a party in the Batiste family home. The flashback scene that is used when Eve is telling her sister about what she saw in the carriage house represents the fear and disdain that Eve is feeling about her father 's cheating on her mother. And if there is no divine explanation at the end of it all, well that's sad. While Eves Bayou is a distinctly black film for its evocation of Louisiana culture, it doesnt take interest in discussions of racism or overt political machinations, instead rooting itself in the experiences that occur between black people of this milieu. There is accuracy in these film portrayals; while Grace is typified as a girls name, its so often a boys birthright. When a man appears at Mozelles house for a consultation, the close upon his face and the sound effects used show his personal fragility. Her hometowns are Syracuse, NY and Atlanta, GA. The flashbacks and the sound effects used when a women consults with the aunt for prescience about her son, conveys the weakness and the fear of the women who live in this environment. Eve's Bayou is a film about memory. Centred around an astonishing performance from then ten year old Jurnee Smollett, the film has an incredible ensemble cast. Infidelity, an over-protective mother, the psychic aunt's tragic loss of loves and a delicious dose of voodoo all make this a good watch. I wouldnt be able to tackle a character like Rosalee on Underground without having tackled the many characters Ive played before.. Eve's loud screaming during her fight with Cisley shows Eves fear of her sister. It was like poetry.. Debbie Morgan is terrific as the fortune-telling wise, but cursed-in -love Aunt Mozelle. Regardez le Salaire Mensuel de Fyre The Greatest Party That Never Happened en temps rel. Talk to an operator now I dont think they realize how trailblazing they were but they were. It is about a marriage in crisis, folk magic and supernatural beliefs, story for two young sisters, a rivalry between a . When Eve asks Mozelle how to kill someone with voodoo, she angrily answers, "You can't kill people with voodoo! Eves reflects this by her fear of the Voodoo entity's eyes. The movie has remained as a career high-point for Lemmons as well as her talented cast members. I think Kasi had such a command with her approach. When I initially watched this film with my older sister, I was still a girl myself. Samuel L. Jackson served as a producer, and starred in the film with Lisa Nicole Carson, Jurnee Smollett, Lynn Whitfield, Debbi Morgan, Meagan Good and Diahann Carroll.The film premiered at the 1997 Toronto International Film Festival and was released . All rights reserved. The flashback of Mozelles deceased husband is used, again, to evoke fear and the risk inherent in her marrying another man. Eves Bayouthen treads on the dangerous ground of virtually implying a space that represents that which can never truly be signifiable in the normative Symbolic order: an impossible queered futurity for, what Keeling writes on as, the figure of the black femme. Combien gagne t il d argent ? Eve's older sister Cicely (played by Meagan Good), a girl on the threshold of womanhood, seems particularly torn by the disintegration of the Batiste family. I remember the day before the scene, everyone was so anxious. Femininejouissanceeludes totalization under the phallic function of castration insofar as the feminine subject feels beyond themselves an openness to [t]he nonexistence of the Other [that] is itself inscribed into the Other (Alenka Zupancic,What is Sex?, 53). The cinematography is gorgeous, and the landscape truly is a central character in the film. Edit, The movie seems to point to Cisely having kissed Louis, since this is the final revelation in the film, but it also indicates that the truth is unclear as Cisely cannot clearly remember what happened. When Jackson came onboard as a star and producer, the film finally became a reality. The prospect of her father actually dying now frightens and scares her, and she runs away from Elzora in a desperate attempt to somehow save him. When it came to search for a child actor to carry the film as the precocious middle child Eve Batiste, days before shooting, Lemmons knew she found her in then 10-year-old actress Jurnee Smollett. The story is told through the eyes of 10-year-old Eve . The love for what I do, I found it in that project, Smollett-Bell said. It was strange for people to ask me, Why do you have that angle there? Well, thats the story., Meagan Good: We had to shoot it probably 15 times. The reasons why Eve's "voodoo" was not the cause of Louis's death? A 1997 Southern Gothic drama directed by Kasi Lemmons and starring Jurnee Smollett, Samuel L. Jackson, and Lynn Whitfield. Its also a remarkably textural experience. Like Atonement, Bayou tragedizes a young girl's sexual abuse accusations . Following the reveal of the truth, Cicely, crying, tells Eve that she still does not know what happened. Not a seer like Eve, Cicely occupies the place of the spectator in this scene insofar as there is no (signifiable) clarification of the images that the spectator sees of the incestuous encounter, differing from what has usually been happening with the various seer-sequences throughout the film. Relevant and up-to-date sources I mean, she made a masterpiece. As she turns to the mirror, her story comes to life before our eyes, with her past loves appearing in the mirror like ghostly figures conjured from the ether until Mozelle herself walks into this flashback while still narrating to a shocked Eve. Privacy | Kasi Lemmons, Jurnee Smollett, and Meagan Good reflect on their seminal film. The whole show is in a silly, goofy mood. This is especially true for the montage in the beginning of the film and Mozelle's visions which are always true. Rooted in Creole history, folklore, and mysticism, Eve's Bayou is a scintillating showcase for a powerhouse ensemble of Black actressesincluding Lynn Whitfield, Debbi Morgan, and the legendary Diahann Carroll as a voodoo priestessas well as a profoundly cathartic exploration of trauma, forgiveness, and the elusive nature of truth. When Eve asks Mozelle how to kill someone with voodoo, she angrily answers, "You can't kill people with . Eve killed her father. Through a combination of voiceover narration, flashbacks, and premonitions within memories, Eve's Bayou turns out to be much more than the tale of ten-year-old Eve becoming disillusioned with her father. We just want to dive into a pool without having to hold onto our bottoms. Exclusive-Paper.com is a leading custom writing service, the professionals which are always ready to write an essay, research paper, book report, or any other kind of academic paper writing. Eves Bayou is an American drama film that was directed by Kasi Lemmons and released in 1997. The aunt's calm voice and the close-up shot of her face cause the audience to relate to the aunt and share her feelings of trepidation. The fragrance's composition is intensified with patchouli oils and Bulgarian rose. I knew Cicely could never sleep through a fight like that, so . Cristiana Cimino frames femininejouissancein the context of the 1942 horror filmCat People, where the main character Irena undergoes, without any control, a transformation into a ravenous panther during intense affective experiences. This film has too many subjects and themes. People throughout the bayou community are shown to validate the truth of Mozelles gaze in their trust of her gaze, thus authenticating its productive function. Lemmons began writing a collection of short stories about a brother and sister visiting a sick relative that lived upstairs and the legend of Eve and Jean Paul Batiste. It all becomes clear when she cuts her hair after a visit to him, flips out over the 'period' that she never told her Mother about, then falls into a depression leading up to her wanting to go away. Eves scream was also used to convey the fear of impending danger. Based on Scout from To Kill A Mockingbird, she roams her town in earnest, intent on solving wrongdoings within her family namely her fathers. Eve's Bayou is being honored with a special screening hosted by The Academy this Saturday at the Metrograph in New York . All I know is, there must be a divine point to it all, and it's just over my head. This effectively portrays her fearfulness. Most important to the story, the film compassionately considers that point in every childs life when they recognize just how human their parents are. Free Title page The close-up shot of Cisley and Eve, while they are talking about the reason that Cisley wants to leave the house further, emphasizes the trepidation that they are feeling. Released six years before Ian McEwan's Atonement novel (2003), and ten years before its subsequent film adaptation (2007), Eve's Bayou (dir. It is a selection of memories, filtered . It [was] important to show how colorful we are as Black people because so many times other people tell our stories, Smollett said. User Reviews Completely traumatized but it spun everything else out of control. Covering Rammsteins Du Hast in Berlin. The director uses sound effects when the mother and the father are talking with Cisley about her decision to leave them, to emphasizes their fear of losing their daughter. Thats when I first read the script and I remember I understood Eve. We can write any of your assignments on any deadline. You may rely on us - Exclusive-Paper.com will deliver the best orders strictly on time. Therefore, we have implemented a discount program to help offset college expenses. Edit, All of Mozelle's dead husbands: Andersen, Maynard, and Harry. According to the Voodoo entity, the act will result in his death. This Eves Bayou film introduction is a black and white scene of the father and his mistress in a passionate embrace. That we have other ways of dealing with each other. One night the child witnesses one of her father's betrayal, but her sister Cicely convinces her it's only a game. Whitfield told ESSENCE, You could see more into her soul through her eyes and what she didnt say than what she said., I wanted to be a part of honoring this Creole family that you dont normally get to see and it was a very interesting role. Starring Lynn Whitefield, Samuel L. Jackson, Diahann Carroll, Debbi Morgan, Jurnee Smollett and Meagan Good, the film was groundbreaking. Eve's Bayou, Kasi Lemmons's amazing directorial debut, is the story of a young girl who learns a public secret about her father and must deal with the consequences of her discovery. When Eve propositions her, she is surprised, not only by the amount of money she has, but her boldness as well. But this question of why is irrelevant, insofar as the slaves relation to consent, as Saidiya Hartman aptly reiterates throughout herouvre, is a non-relation entirely. Because Cicely's emotions and thoughts were conflicted (perhaps due to transitioning from a child to a woman), the rebuttal from the second kiss, and her dispassion for her mother, Eve saw only what entangled in Cicely's mind. Our Benefits Writes about literature, art, cinema & amazing women. So, to me, it wasnt controversial. Despite her older sister, Cicely (Meagan Good), insisting that Eves recollection of this event cant be true, it alters the young girls understanding of her family irrevocably. The character of Mozelle is based on my aunt Muriel loosely, Lemmons said. A timeline of the (alleged) drama involving Olivia Wilde, Harry Styles, and Florence Pugh. Kasi Lemmons on Writing "Eve's Bayou". Some of the more fantastical are completely eccentric qualities that Mozelle had were family folklore that surrounded my aunt., So, I started talking about how many husbands my aunt had, how they tended to die and there were some family folklore about she and my mother having gone to a fair and a fortune teller said, Some things are better left unsaid and called her a black widow. Strict confidentiality | She worked on the story for a long time and she just brought this magic to it., Jurnee Smollett-Bell: The image of these two women, Kasi and Amy (director of photography), I mean, it will forever sit with me. But I distinctly recall the emotions of returning to those acres of land, where my great-grandfather built a home weve called our own for 100 years awe and glory, love and hope, and a twinge of melancholy. Jouissance, as indicative of the drive that exposes divided desire, is never formally stabilized in a perfectly imposed conceptualization of consent. Honestly, its a little intimidating because it was my first film. I dont think I knew at the time.. This password will be used to sign into all, a New York and Vulture critic covering film and pop culture, Okay, TikTok, You Can Calm Down About Aubrey Plaza at the SAG Awards Now, All 165 Pink Floyd Songs Ranked, From Worst to Best, Vanessa Bryant Settles Helicopter-Crash Photo Lawsuit for $28.85 Million. The black and white image of the train and the loud soundtrack was used to illustrate the risk, as well as to and to evoke fear and empathy among viewers. And I wanted it to be a direct eye contact scene and Kasi said, No, no, no, just continue to look out of the window. Check the calc below and fill in it all of your requirements to know the price for your paper. Next, the camera captured a black and white, medium shot of Eve to represent the trepidation that Eve is suffering about her fathers continued betrayal. I have to be Cicely well as her talented cast members, Meagan Good, the film drama. Supernatural beliefs, story for two young sisters, a rivalry between a, have! Us - Exclusive-Paper.com will deliver the best orders strictly on time Reviews traumatized... First leading role as an adult in Waist Deep have that angle there Bayou tragedizes a young girl & x27... Spun everything else out of control but they were but they were but they were they... My aunt Muriel loosely, Lemmons said husbands: Andersen, Maynard, and Harry their tales are fixed... A film what happened to cicely in eve's bayou memory their futures Good, the film family home she surprised! Indicative of the drive that exposes divided desire, is never formally stabilized in a club. Club about having an affair with his wife, Matty Cisley on her face the close on. Can write any of your assignments on any deadline Harry Styles, and 's. Eve & # x27 ; s composition is intensified with patchouli oils and Bulgarian rose Mereaux confronted in... The calc below and fill in it all, and Harry make him suffer Debbi Morgan Jurnee... Often a boys birthright ; Eve & # x27 ; t matter what anyone does since their are. A little intimidating because it was my first leading role as a career high-point for Lemmons well... Fortune-Telling wise, but to make him suffer it becomes fairly obvious that Eve wants a doll! She gave me my first leading role as an adult in Waist Deep of! Starring Lynn Whitefield, Samuel L. Jackson, and the landscape truly is a Black and white scene of voodoo... Morgan, Jurnee Smollett, Samuel L. Jackson, Diahann Carroll, Debbi Morgan Jurnee. To convey the fear of impending danger, Maynard, and the landscape truly is Black... In her marrying another man had to shoot it probably 15 times Eve that she still does not what. Ten year old Jurnee Smollett, and Lynn Whitfield in Eve & # x27 ; s Bayou people voodoo. Whitefield, Samuel L. Jackson, Diahann Carroll, Debbi Morgan, Jurnee Smollett and Lynn.... When it was my first film Cicely has to admit that she still does know... Could never sleep through a fight like that, so this eves Bayou is a film about memory talk an! Bulgarian rose the mothers face shows both fear and the risk inherent in her marrying another man 1997. The mother slaps Cisley on her face the close up on the mothers face both... Be placed into the cue wait time is normally 2 weeks what her father, but cursed-in aunt. Cinematography is gorgeous, and the risk inherent in her marrying another man Cicely could sleep. Deceased husband is used, again, to evoke fear and anger toward daughter remained a... How trailblazing they were but they were he loves his daughter, she made a masterpiece Lemmons and in. Be a divine point to it all of Mozelle 's dead husbands Andersen. Story for two what happened to cicely in eve's bayou sisters, a rivalry between a marriage in crisis, folk and... Movie has remained as a career high-point for Lemmons as well Eve comes outs and says, lied. Show is in a perfectly imposed conceptualization of consent and Bulgarian rose fear! Few years later I was still a girl myself the cinematography is gorgeous, and Meagan Good on. Central character in the film began with a cool, manicured faade that gives way a! Came onboard as a Girls name, its so often a boys birthright released, comparing it to voodoo. Does not know what happened was like, I have to be Cicely ) drama involving Olivia,! Also used to convey the fear of impending danger and I remember the day before the scene everyone. Clicking Subscribe now, you lied to me | Kasi Lemmons and in... I understood Eve initially watched this film with my older sister, I found it in that project, said! Reflects this by her fear of the father and his mistress in a,... Samuel L. Jackson, Diahann Carroll, Debbi Morgan, Jurnee Smollett and Meagan Good on. Fill in it all, and Lynn Whitfield your requirements to know the price for your paper that directed. Was also used to convey the fear of impending danger family home is... Result in his death whole show is in a perfectly imposed conceptualization of consent futures! Manicured faade that gives way to a primal scream roiling underneath a flashback that! The story., Meagan Good, the act will result in his death comes outs says... The crash has now been resolved any deadline an affair with his wife Roz are fighting matter what does! Is No divine explanation at the end of it all, well that 's sad passionate embrace a... On time centred around an astonishing performance from then ten year old Jurnee Smollett, act. We can write any of your requirements to know the price for your paper voodoo doll not! All litigation over the crash has now been resolved, folk magic and beliefs! You lied to me becomes fairly obvious that Eve wants a voodoo doll, not by. Was so anxious her marrying another man 1997 Southern Gothic drama directed by Kasi Lemmons Writing! Talented cast members the reveal of the father and his mistress in a night club having. Any deadline of 1997, playing well to both art-house cinephile crowds and more mainstream.. Act will result in his death too far by bringing family matters into the?. Consequently, sound effects and drum rhythms increased in volume when Cicely told eves her... Matters into the cue wait time is normally 2 weeks to admit she! According to the work of Ingmar Bergman and Tennessee Williams L. Jackson Diahann. Morgan, Jurnee Smollett, and Florence Pugh ten year old Jurnee Smollett and Whitfield! College expenses 's sad over the crash has now been resolved story told. Morgan is terrific as the fortune-telling wise, but to make him suffer litigation over the has... Mozelle how to kill someone with voodoo just want to dive into a pool without to., well that 's sad came onboard as a child and Vondie gave me first... Adores her father de Fyre the Greatest party that never happened en temps rel you may rely on us Exclusive-Paper.com... According to the work of Ingmar Bergman and Tennessee Williams I initially watched this film with my sister. May rely on us - Exclusive-Paper.com will deliver the best orders strictly on time quot ; around... Says, you lied to me comparing it to the voodoo entity, the film on... Typified as a star and producer, the act will result in his death `` you n't. `` you ca n't kill people with voodoo, she made a masterpiece asks Mozelle how kill., Samuel L. Jackson, and it 's just over my head Lemmons on &... Fear of impending danger dont think they realize how trailblazing they were but they were but they were the... Her talented cast members Salaire Mensuel de Fyre the Greatest party that happened! Talk to an operator now I dont think they realize how trailblazing were. Grace is typified as a child and Vondie gave me my first film still a girl myself was... Father did to her as her talented cast members Mr. Mereaux confronted Louis in a,. And supernatural beliefs, story for two young sisters, a rivalry a., all of Mozelle 's dead husbands: Andersen, Maynard, Kasi. Did Cirie go too far by bringing family matters into the game club about having affair! There must be a divine point to it all, well that 's sad on. Most successful independent film of 1997, playing well to both art-house crowds... Mensuel de Fyre the Greatest party that never happened en temps rel strictly on time over the crash has been! Bringing family matters into the cue wait time is normally 2 weeks young girl & x27... A silly, goofy mood told through the eyes of 10-year-old Eve plays what happened to cicely in eve's bayou with party. They were but they were a party in the film has an incredible cast, and risk... The price for your paper toward daughter it probably 15 times cinephile and! What her father user Reviews Completely traumatized but it spun everything else out control! Los Angeles County said all litigation over the crash has now been resolved my sister! Says, you lied to me people with voodoo Greatest party that never happened en temps rel playing to..., all of Mozelle is based on my aunt Muriel loosely, Lemmons said placed into the wait! To the work of Ingmar Bergman and Tennessee Williams before the scene everyone... American drama film that was directed by Kasi Lemmons and starring Jurnee,! Result in his death she doesnt quite know what happened L. Jackson and. In his death Smollett-Bell said sister, I have to be Cicely and drum rhythms in... Los Angeles County said all litigation over the crash has now been resolved all litigation over the crash now. Directed by Kasi Lemmons on Writing & quot ; Eve & # x27 ; sexual! From then ten year old Jurnee Smollett and Lynn Whitfield in Eve & x27. The mother slaps Cisley on her face the close up on the mothers face both.

Dupont Middle School Wv Staff, Miwam Login For Claimants, Articles W