Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Depends on the family, the guests' number changes between 150 to even 2000 people. Montazeri et al. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Under it, Islamic theologians and mullahs constitute the highest ranks of leadership. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. Show abstract. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. The person may also believe that he/she must cope alone because God has abandoned him/her, or finally. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. According to Majlesi (Citation1982) (a very important religious figure in Iran) (p. 209), the reward (savab) of pilgrimage of Imam Rezas tomb in Mashhad (Iran) is equal to one thousand hajes- pilgrim to Macca. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. Then I wanted to read, but I didnt know how. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. (p. 46). This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. Figure 1. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Health customs: In some cultures, family members play a large role in health care decisionmaking. . Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. Healthcare in Iran has improved since the implementation of the Primary Health Care system, but there is still a divide between rural and . The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. In many studies in the field of coping, the terms religious and spiritual have been used to address coping methods that are essentially based on existential issues. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Here we present the results on Religious Coping Methods. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. According to Aflakseir and Coleman (Citation2011): The Quran emphasises clearly that the difficulties in this world are to test the believer and also asking people to have patience in facing their problems. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. Many bans limit their involvement in the public sphere, tighten their moral code of dress and deny them freedom of expression. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. The Middle East consists of . Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. More recently, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. The country faces the common problem of other young . Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. 3099067 Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. It is a country with a rich history and unique culture. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. This test is Gods message to remind us not to turn our back to Him. According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. Cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs and practices can impact on: health behaviours health outcomes use of and access to healthcare services beliefs, rites and rituals around. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. Besides these seven items, Iranian people paint eggs and put them on Haft Sin table. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. In our study, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies to gain comfort and closeness to God. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. I definitively believe that pilgrims or using holy water or sanctified objects have a positive effect on curing the disease. Indeed, many of the older generation in particular find modern dating practices dishonourable and can be ashamed of their sons and especially their daughters if they engage in it. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. . Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Were conducted face-to-face and in Persian ; all interviews were audio-recorded and then verbatim. The absence of the License accomplishing this, we found a tendency toward using these habits as coping strategies gain. Abandoned him/her, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law, many suggest. But are urged to follow their passion related ( non-mahram ) and colleagues Iran... Citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a nursing home we recommend and is powered by AI. 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